Glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis is inflammation of the glomeruli, the tiny filtering units of the kidneys. It can be caused by infections, autoimmune diseases, or conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure. This condition impairs the kidneys' ability to filter waste and excess fluids, leading to complications such as high blood pressure, fluid retention, and kidney failure. Treatment depends on the cause but often includes medications to control symptoms, reduce inflammation, and protect kidney function. t can be acute (sudden) or chronic (long-term), depending on the cause and severity.
Causes of Glomerulonephritis
- Autoimmune Diseases (e.g., Lupus): The immune system mistakenly attacks healthy kidney tissues.
- Infections (Strep Throat, Hepatitis): Infections can trigger an immune response that damages the kidneys.
- Diabetic Nephropathy: Long-term diabetes can damage the kidney's filtering system.
- High Blood Pressure (Hypertension): Persistent high blood pressure can harm the glomeruli over time.
- Genetic Disorders: Certain inherited conditions, like Alport syndrome, can cause glomerulonephritis.
- Medications and Toxins: Certain drugs and toxins can cause inflammation in the kidneys.
Symptoms of Glomerulonephritis
- Blood in Urine (Hematuria): Urine may appear pink, red, or brown, indicating blood leakage.
- Protein in Urine (Proteinuria): Excessive protein in the urine may cause it to look foamy.
- Swelling (Edema): Swelling in the face, hands, feet, and abdomen due to fluid retention.
- Decreased Urine Output: Reduced urination or difficulty passing urine.
- Nausea and Vomiting: A result of toxin accumulation due to impaired kidney function.
- Shortness of Breath: Fluid buildup in the lungs can cause breathing difficulties.
